path: root/doc/biboumi.1.rst

======================
Biboumi(1) User Manual
======================

.. contents:: :depth: 2

NAME
====

biboumi - XMPP gateway to IRC

Description
===========

Biboumi is an XMPP gateway that connects to IRC servers and translates
between the two protocols. It can be used to access IRC channels using any
XMPP client as if these channels were XMPP MUCs.

Synopsis
========

biboumi [*config_filename*]

Options
=======

Available command line options:

config_filename
---------------

Specify the file to read for configuration. See *CONFIG* section for more
details on its content.

Configuration
=============

The configuration file uses a simple format of the form
``option=value``. Here is a description of each possible option:

The configuration can be re-read at runtime (you can for example change the
log level without having to restart biboumi) by sending SIGUSR1 or SIGUSR2
(see kill(1)) to the process.

hostname
--------

Mandatory. The hostname served by the XMPP gateway.  This domain must be
configured in the XMPP server as an external component.  See the manual
for your XMPP server for more information.  For prosody, see
http://prosody.im/doc/components#adding_an_external_component

password
--------

Mandatory. The password used to authenticate the XMPP component to your
XMPP server.  This password must be configured in the XMPP server,
associated with the external component on *hostname*.

xmpp_server_ip
--------------

The IP address to connect to the XMPP server on. The connection to the
XMPP server is unencrypted, so the biboumi instance and the server should
normally be on the same host. The default value is 127.0.0.1.

port
----

The TCP port to use to connect to the local XMPP component. The default
value is 5347.

admin
-----

The bare JID of the gateway administrator. This JID will have more
privileges than other standard users (the admin thus needs to check their
privileges), for example some administration ad-hoc commands will only be
available to that JID.

fixed_irc_server
----------------

If this option contains the hostname of an IRC server (for example
irc.example.org), then biboumi will enforce the connexion to that IRC
server only.  This means that a JID like "#chan@biboumi.example.com" must
be used instead of "#chan%irc.example.org@biboumi.example.com".  In that
mode, the virtual channel (see `Connect to an IRC server`_) is not
available. The '%' character loses any meaning in the JIDs.  It can appear
in the JID but will not be interpreted as a separator (thus the JID
"#channel%hello@biboumi.example.com" points to the channel named
"#channel%hello" on the configured IRC server) This option can for example
be used by an administrator that just wants to let their users join their own
IRC server using an XMPP client, while forbidding access to any other IRC
server.

realname_customization
----------------------

If this option is set to “false” (default is “true”), the users will not be
able to use the ad-hoc commands that lets them configure their realname and
username.

realname_from_jid
-----------------

If this option is set to “true”, the realname and username of each biboumi
user will be extracted from their JID.  The realname is their bare JID, and
the username is the node-part of their JID.  Note that if
``realname_customization`` is “true”, each user will still be able to
customize their realname and username, this option just decides the default
realname and username.

If this option is set to “false” (the default value), the realname and
username of each user will be set to the nick they used to connect to the
IRC server.

webirc_password
---------------

Configure a password to be communicated to the IRC server, as part of the
WEBIRC message (see https://kiwiirc.com/docs/webirc).  If this option is
set, an additional DNS resolution of the hostname of each XMPP server will
be made when connecting to an IRC server.

log_file
--------

A filename into which logs are written.  If none is provided, the logs are
written on standard output.

log_level
---------

Indicate what type of log messages to write in the logs.  Value can be
from 0 to 3.  0 is debug, 1 is info, 2 is warning, 3 is error.  The
default is 0, but a more practical value for production use is 1.

ca_file
-------

Specifies which file should be used as the list of trusted CA when
negociating a TLS session. By default this value is unset and biboumi
tries a list of well-known paths.

outgoing_bind
-------------

An address (IPv4 or IPv6) to bind the outgoing sockets to.  If no value is
specified, it will use the one assigned by the operating system.  You can
for example use outgoing_bind=192.168.1.11 to force biboumi to use the
interface with this address.  Note that this is only used for connections
to IRC servers.

Usage
=====

Biboumi acts as a server, it should be run as a daemon that lives in the
background for as long as it is needed.  Note that biboumi does not
daemonize itself, this task should be done by your init system (SysVinit,
systemd, upstart).

When started, biboumi connects, without encryption (see `Security`_), to the
local XMPP server on the port ``5347`` and authenticates with the provided
password.  Biboumi then serves the configured ``hostname``: this means that
all XMPP stanza with a `to` JID on that domain will be forwarded to biboumi
by the XMPP server, and biboumi will only send messages coming from that
hostname.

When a user joins an IRC channel on an IRC server (see `Join an IRC
channel`_), biboumi connects to the remote IRC server, sets the user’s nick
as requested, and then tries to join the specified channel.  If the same
user subsequently tries to connect to an other channel on the same server,
the same IRC connection is used.  If, however, an other user wants to join
an IRC channel on that same IRC server, biboumi opens a new connection to
that server.  Biboumi connects once to each IRC server, for each user on it.

Additionally, if one user is using more than one clients (with the same bare
JID), they can join the same IRC channel (on the same server) behind one
single nickname.  Biboumi will forward all the messages (the channel ones and
the private ones) and the presences to all the resources behind that nick.
There is no need to have multiple nicknames and multiple connections to be
able to take part in a conversation (or idle) in a channel from a mobile client
while the desktop client is still connected, for example.

To cleanly shutdown the component, send a SIGINT or SIGTERM signal to it.
It will send messages to all connected IRC and XMPP servers to indicate a
reason why the users are being disconnected.  Biboumi exits when the end of
communication is acknowledged by all IRC servers.  If one or more IRC
servers do not respond, biboumi will only exit if it receives the same
signal again or if a 2 seconds delay has passed.

Addressing
----------

IRC entities are represented by XMPP JIDs.  The domain part of the JID is
the domain served by biboumi (the part after the ``@``, biboumi.example.com in
the examples), and the local part (the part before the ``@``) depends on the
concerned entity.

IRC channels and IRC users have a local part formed like this:
``name`` % ``irc_server``.

``name`` can be a channel name or an user nickname. The distinction between
the two is based on the first character: by default, if the name starts with
``'#'`` or ``'&'`` (but this can be overridden by the server, using the
ISUPPORT extension) then it’s a channel name, otherwise this is a nickname.

As a special case, the channel name can also be empty (for example
``%irc.example.com``), in that case this represents the virtual channel
provided by biboumi.  See *Connect to an IRC server* for more details.

There is two ways to address an IRC user, using a local part like this:
``nickname`` % ``irc_server`` or by using the in-room address of the
participant, like this:
``channel_name`` % ``irc_server`` @ ``biboumi.example.com`` / ``Nickname``

The second JID is available only to be compatible with XMPP clients when the
user wants to send a private message to the participant ``Nickname`` in the
room ``channel_name%irc_server@biboumi.example.com``.

On XMPP, the node part of the JID can only be lowercase.  On the other hand,
IRC nicknames are case-insensitive, this means that the nicknames toto,
Toto, tOtO and TOTO all represent the same IRC user.  This means you can
talk to the user toto, and this will work.

Also note that some IRC nicknames or channels may contain characters that are
not allowed in the local part of a JID (for example '@').  If you need to send a
message to a nick containing such a character, you can use a jid like
``%irc.example.com@biboumi.example.com/AnnoyingNickn@me``, because the JID
``AnnoyingNickn@me%irc.example.com@biboumi.example.com`` would not work.
And if you need to address a channel that contains such invalid characters, you
have to use `jid-escaping <http://www.xmpp.org/extensions/xep-0106.html#escaping>`_,
and replace each of these characters with their escaped version, for example to
join the channel ``#b@byfoot``, you need to use the following JID:
``#b\40byfoot%irc.example.com@biboumi.example.com``.


Examples:

* ``#foo%irc.example.com@biboumi.example.com`` is the #foo IRC channel, on the
  irc.example.com IRC server, and this is served by the biboumi instance on
  biboumi.example.com

* ``toto%irc.example.com@biboumi.example.com`` is the IRC user named toto, or
  TotO, etc.

* ``irc.example.com@biboumi.example.com`` is the IRC server irc.example.com.

* ``%irc.example.com@biboumi.example.com`` is the virtual channel provided by
  biboumi, for the IRC server irc.example.com.

Note: Some JIDs are valid but make no sense in the context of
biboumi:

* ``#test%@biboumi.example.com``, or any other JID that does not contain an
  IRC server is invalid. Any message to that kind of JID will trigger an
  error, or will be ignored.

If compiled with Libidn, an IRC channel participant has a bare JID
representing the “hostname” provided by the IRC server.  This JID can only
be used to set IRC modes (for example to ban a user based on its IP), or to
identify user. It cannot be used to contact that user using biboumi.

Join an IRC channel
-------------------

To join an IRC channel ``#foo`` on the IRC server ``irc.example.com``,
join the XMPP MUC ``#foo%irc.example.com@biboumi.example.com``.

Connect to an IRC server
------------------------

The connection to the IRC server is automatically made when the user tries
to join any channel on that IRC server.  The connection is closed whenever
the last channel on that server is left by the user.  To be able to stay
connected to an IRC server without having to be in a real IRC channel,
biboumi provides a virtual channel on the jid
``%irc.example.com@biboumi.example.com``.  For example if you want to join the
channel ``#foo`` on the server ``irc.example.com``, but you need to authenticate
to a bot of the server before you’re allowed to join it, you can first join
the room ``%irc.example.com@biboumi.example.com`` (this will effectively
connect you to the IRC server without joining any room), then send your
authentication message to the user ``bot%irc.example.com@biboumi.example.com``
and finally join the room ``#foo%irc.example.com@biboumi.example.com``.

Channel messages
----------------

On XMPP, unlike on IRC, the displayed order of the messages is the same for
all participants of a MUC.  Biboumi can not however provide this feature, as
it cannot know whether the IRC server has received and forwarded the
messages to other users.  This means that the order of the messages
displayed in your XMPP client may not be the same than the order on other
IRC users’.

History
-------

Public channel messages are saved into archives, inside the database, unless
the `record_history` option is set to false for that user `Ad-hoc commands`.
Private messages (messages that are sent directly to a nickname, not a
channel) are never stored in the database. When a channel is joined, biboumi
sends the `max_history_length` messages found in the database as the MUC
history.

A channel history can be retrieved by using `Message archive management (MAM)
<https://xmpp.org/extensions/xep-0313.htm>`_ on the channel JID.  The results
can be filtered by start and end dates.

For a given channel, each user has her or his own archive.  The content of
the archives are never shared, and thus a user can not use someone else’s
archive to get the messages that they didn’t receive when they were offline.
Although this feature would be very convenient, this would introduce a very
important privacy issue: for example if a biboumi gateway is used by two
users, by querying the archive one user would be able to know whether or not
the other user was in a room at a given time.


List channels
-------------

You can list the IRC channels on a given IRC server by sending an XMPP disco
items request on the IRC server JID.  The number of channels on some servers
is huge so the result stanza may be very big, unless your client supports
result set management (XEP 0059)

Nicknames
---------

On IRC, nicknames are server-wide.  This means that one user only has one
single nickname at one given time on all the channels of a server. This is
different from XMPP where a user can have a different nick on each MUC,
even if these MUCs are on the same server.

This means that the nick you choose when joining your first IRC channel on a
given IRC server will be your nickname in all other channels that you join
on that same IRC server.
If you explicitely change your nickname on one channel, your nickname will
be changed on all channels on the same server as well.
Joining a new channel with a different nick, however, will not change your
nick.  The provided nick will be ignored, in order to avoid changing your
nick on the whole server by mistake.  If you want to have a different
nickname in the channel you’re going to join, you need to do it explicitly
with the NICK command before joining the channel.

Private messages
----------------

Private messages are handled differently on IRC and on XMPP.  On IRC, you
talk directly to one server-user: toto on the channel #foo is the same user
as toto on the channel #bar (as long as these two channels are on the same
IRC server).  By default you will receive private messages from the “global”
user (aka nickname%irc.example.com@biboumi.example.com), unless you
previously sent a message to an in-room participant (something like
\#test%irc.example.com@biboumi.example.com/nickname), in which case future
messages from that same user will be received from that same “in-room” JID.

Notices
-------

Notices are received exactly like private messages.  It is not possible to
send a notice.

Invitations
-----------

Biboumi forwards the mediated invitations to the target nick.  If the user
wishes to invite the user “FooBar” into a room, they can invite one of the
following “JIDs” (one of them is not a JID, actually):

- foobar%anything@anything
- anything@anything/FooBar
- FooBar

Note that the “anything” part are simply ignored because they have no
meaning for the IRC server: we already know which IRC server is targeted
using the JID of the target channel.

Kicks and bans
--------------

Kicks are transparently translated from one protocol to another.  However
banning an XMPP participant has no effect.  To ban an user you need to set a
mode +b on that user nick or host (see `IRC modes`_) and then kick it.

Encoding
--------

On XMPP, the encoding is always ``UTF-8``, whereas on IRC the encoding of
each message can be anything.

This means that biboumi has to convert everything coming from IRC into UTF-8
without knowing the encoding of the received messages.  To do so, it checks
if each message is UTF-8 valid, if not it tries to convert from
``iso_8859-1`` (because this appears to be the most common case, at least
on the channels I visit) to ``UTF-8``.  If that conversion fails at some
point, a placeholder character ``'�'`` is inserted to indicate this
decoding error.

Messages are always sent in UTF-8 over IRC, no conversion is done in that
direction.

IRC modes
---------

One feature that doesn’t exist on XMPP but does on IRC is the ``modes``.
Although some of these modes have a correspondance in the XMPP world (for
example the ``+o`` mode on a user corresponds to the ``moderator`` role in
XMPP), it is impossible to map all these modes to an XMPP feature.  To
circumvent this problem, biboumi provides a raw notification when modes are
changed, and lets the user change the modes directly.

To change modes, simply send a message starting with “``/mode``” followed by
the modes and the arguments you want to send to the IRC server.  For example
“/mode +aho louiz”.  Note that your XMPP client may interprete messages
begining with “/” like a command.  To actually send a message starting with
a slash, you may need to start your message with “//mode” or “/say /mode”,
depending on your client.

When a mode is changed, the user is notified by a message coming from the
MUC bare JID, looking like “Mode #foo [+ov] [toto tutu]”.  In addition, if
the mode change can be translated to an XMPP feature, the user will be
notified of this XMPP event as well. For example if a mode “+o toto” is
received, then toto’s role will be changed to moderator.  The mapping
between IRC modes and XMPP features is as follow:

``+q``
  Sets the participant’s role to ``moderator`` and its affiliation to ``owner``.

``+a``
  Sets the participant’s role to ``moderator`` and its affiliation to ``owner``.

``+o``
  Sets the participant’s role to ``moderator`` and its affiliation to  ``admin``.

``+h``
  Sets the participant’s role to ``moderator`` and its affiliation to  ``member``.

``+v``
  Sets the participant’s role to ``participant`` and its affiliation to ``member``.

Similarly, when a biboumi user changes some participant's affiliation or role, biboumi translates that in an IRC mode change.

Affiliation set to ``none``
  Sets mode to -vhoaq

Affiliation set to ``member``
  Sets mode to +v-hoaq

Role set to ``moderator``
  Sets mode to +h-oaq

Affiliation set to ``admin``
  Sets mode to +o-aq

Affiliation set to ``owner``
  Sets mode to +a-q

Ad-hoc commands
---------------

Biboumi supports a few ad-hoc commands, as described in the XEP 0050.
Different ad-hoc commands are available for each JID type.

On the gateway itself (e.g on the JID biboumi.example.com):
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

- ping: Just respond “pong”

- hello: Provide a form, where the user enters their name, and biboumi
  responds with a nice greeting.

- disconnect-user: Only available to the administrator. The user provides
  a list of JIDs, and a quit message. All the selected users are
  disconnected from all the IRC servers to which they were connected,
  using the provided quit message. Sending SIGINT to biboumi is equivalent
  to using this command by selecting all the connected JIDs and using the
  “Gateway shutdown” quit message, except that biboumi does not exit when
  using this ad-hoc command.

- disconnect-from-irc-servers: Disconnect a single user from one or more
  IRC server.  The user is immediately disconnected by closing the socket,
  no message is sent to the IRC server, but the user is of course notified
  with an XMPP message.  The administrator can disconnect any user, while
  the other users can only disconnect themselves.

On a server JID (e.g on the JID chat.freenode.org@biboumi.example.com)
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

- configure: Lets each user configure some options that applies to the
  concerned IRC server.
- get-irc-connection-info: Returns some information about the IRC server,
  for the executing user. It lets the user know if they are connected to
  this server, from what port, with or without TLS, and it gives the list
  of joined IRC channel, with a detailed list of which resource is in which
  channel.

On a channel JID (e.g on the JID #test%chat.freenode.org@biboumi.example.com)
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

- configure: Lets each user configure some options that applies to the
  concerned IRC channel.  Some of these options, if not configured for a
  specific channel, defaults to the value configured at the IRC server
  level.  For example the encoding can be specified for both the channel
  and the server.  If an encoding is not specified for a channel, the
  encoding configured in the server applies.

Raw IRC messages
----------------

Biboumi tries to support as many IRC features as possible, but doesn’t
handle everything yet (or ever).  In order to let the user send any
arbitrary IRC message, biboumi forwards any XMPP message received on an IRC
Server JID (see *ADDRESSING*) as a raw command to that IRC server.

For example, to WHOIS the user Foo on the server irc.example.com, a user can
send the message “WHOIS Foo” to “irc.example.com@biboumi.example.com”.

The message will be forwarded as is, without any modification appart from
adding "\r\n" at the end (to make it a valid IRC message).  You need to have
a little bit of understanding of the IRC protocol to use this feature.

Security
========

The connection to the XMPP server can only be made on localhost.  The
XMPP server is not supposed to accept non-local connections from components.
Thus, encryption is not used to connect to the local XMPP server because it
is useless.

If compiled with the Botan library, biboumi can use TLS when communicating
with the IRC servers.  It will first try ports 6697 and 6670 and use TLS if
it succeeds, if connection fails on both these ports, the connection is
established on port 6667 without any encryption.

Biboumi does not check if the received JIDs are properly formatted using
nodeprep.  This must be done by the XMPP server to which biboumi is directly
connected.

Note if you use a biboumi that you have no control on: remember that the
administrator of the gateway you use is able to view all your IRC
conversations, whether you’re using encryption or not.  This is exactly as
if you were running your IRC client on someone else’s server.  Only use
biboumi if you trust its administrator (or, better, if you are the
administrator) or if you don’t intend to have any private conversation.

Biboumi does not provide a way to ban users from connecting to it, has no
protection against flood or any sort of abuse that your users may cause on
the IRC servers. Some XMPP server however offer the possibility to restrict
what JID can access a gateway. Use that feature if you wish to grant access
to your biboumi instance only to a list of trusted users.